FRENCH REVOLUTION CAUSES AND RESULTS

                                   FRENCH REVOLUTION

                                    This article FRENCH REVOLUTION  describes the autocratic rulers of   France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. The causes, results and effects are also mentioned. This is  mainly  useful for  the civil service aspirants   of high school students

                              The rulers of France in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries were dictators squanders and autocrats. Their main power center wa VERASALIE PALACEs. Louis XIV said, ''I am the state. God has given absolute power to me to control my  subjects and only God has the authority to question him." Louis XV said that "after me, there will be a deluge".  Mary Antoinette said that "they can't eat bread, let them eat cake"

                        Many people lived in poverty.  Most of the people died due to hunger and malnutrition. The rulers lived a life of luxury. This situation was the result of social and economic inequality in France.

                                   French society was divided into three classes and they were known as the Estates. The first estate was clergymen. They owned large tracts of land and collected taxes called the Tithe. They were exempt from all taxes. They controlled administrative and military service.

                                  The Second Estate was known as Nobility. They participate in military activities. They collect various taxes from farmers. They insisted farmers to work without wages. They are exempt from taxes.  They lived luxurious life with great possessions.

                              The Third estates were the middle class. This includes traders, writers, bankers, farmers, and artisans. They have paid the land tax to the government known as  Taille..

           There are various political thinkers and intellectuals who have played an important role for inspiring people. They encouraged them aware of inequality and exploitation at that time. We can learn more about these thinkers and their inspiring ideas

                                              

   Voltai

VOLTAIRE

re mocked the abuse of the clergy. Developed rational thinking, principles of equality and personality.

MONTESQUIEQ

                                  Rousseau explained the importance of freedom in the statement, ‘Man is born free, but everywhere he is bound’. He proclaimed a human kingdom.

                                          Montesquieu Promoted Democracy.  The Republic propelled the separation of powers of the state into, legislature, the executive, and the judiciary.

ROUSSEAU.

                             The French Revolution causes were the extravagant, luxurious life of the Bourbon kings, priests, and emperors. The regular battles they fought.  Constant spells of drought and crop failure brought France to the brink of extinction.

                 Financial and military assistance provided to the American colonies during the American War Independence also exacerbated the financial crisis in France.

                               To impose new taxes on ordinary people, Louis XVI convened the States-General, a legislative assembly meeting for representatives from all three estates

                          In 1789. like the French community, General State had three estates.  In the meeting the first two estates demand the estate-wise single voting system and the third estates demand individual voting systems of all three estates. That is the first two estates demands only one vote for one estate each and no need of individual votes for each estate.But the third estate demands individuals vote for  all  three estates

                                      During the dispute, members of the Third Estate declared themselves the National Assembly of France. They met at a nearby tennis court and swore not to leave until they drafted a new constitution for France. This event is known as'Oath of Tennis Court'. Let's discuss the following events with the help of the chart below.

                               The French Revolution started in 14 July 1789.The revolutionaries stormed with a slogan 'liberty, equality, and brotherhood' and demolished the Bastille prison, a symbol of the Bourbon monarchy. This event is considered as the commencement of French revolution. The French revolution timelines are below

                                                12 August 1789 The National Assembly declared the RIGHTS OF MAN AND OF THE CITIZENS

                                       October 1789 Thousands of women march from Paris to Versailles Palace with the motto 'Give us bread'.

                           September 1792 The National Convention, drafted under a new constitution, declared France a republic.

        French revolution results-Nationalism French revolution

1.   Ended the feudal system in Europe and threatened autocratic rulers
2. Proclaimed that a nation is not merely a region but the people.
3. Contributed the concept of people's sovereignty
4. Led to the emergence of nationalism
5. Helped the growth of the middle class
6. Spread the ideas of equality, liberty and fraternity
7.  Stimulated all the later revolutions in the world

                       The terror of the French Revolution. In July 1793 the Community Safety Committee was designed to control French internal affairs. Robespierre led the committee and members are Mirabeau, Danton, etc. Using guillotine they did mass murder of suspected enemies. Most of the officials and clergy, including Louis XVI and his wife, Marie Antoinette, were killed. Finally, Robespierre was also killed.  The reign lasted until July 1794. This is known as the region of terror.

                                                      French Revolution influenced India.Tipu Sultan, the Governor of Mysore. He handled the relations with the French as a combat strategy with English rule in India. He accepted the name Citizen Tipu.  He planted the tree of freedom at Sreerangapattanam, his capital. He also took membership in French Club, Jacobin.

                                         In this article  I  had mentioned the timeline of the French Revolution, social and economic inequality in France.Political and intectual thinkers,National assembly of France The date of the revolution,The effects of the revolution, The stratification of  French society is also mentioned, which is the Estates.I think this will be very useful for the civil service aspirant high school students

AMERICAN INDEPENDENCE WAR

                                             AMERICAN WAR OF INDEPENDENCE

                                         The Renaissance was a hotbed of European cultural, artistic, political, and economic rebirth through the Middle Ages. Commonly described as from the 14th to the 17th century, the Renaissance promoted the rediscovery of ancient philosophy, literature, and art.

 

The Renaissance gave birth to the 'Enlightenment in the eighteenth century. Encourage people who come in various parts of the world to protest the democratic system that existed at the time. The protests turned into a revolution in many places. Enlightenment, an intellectual and cultural organization.

                                    

 NO TAXES EXCEPT FOR EMPLOYEE REPRESENTATIONS. This slogan is framed by JAMES OTTIS.Representation in government. This was a popular slogan in various parts of North America in the second half of the 18th century.

              From the sixteenth century onwards Europeans began to migrate to North America. The main purpose of the move was to use the resources. By the eighteenth century, England had established thirteen colonies in eastern North America. The ideologies of John Locke and Joseph Paine also stimulated the people of the colonies to fight against the exploitative laws of the British.

                                   Christopher Columbus, a sailor of the Spanish Government, arrived in North America in 1492. He called the natives 'Indians'. He thought his destination was India. Later, they were known as the ‘red Indians’. The former American colonies were founded by a group of people, who were exiled to America from the religious persecution of England in the seventeenth century on a ship called the 'Mayflower'. They were known as the 'Pilgrim Fathers'. With the increase in European migration, the red Indians were relocated indoors. Europeans confiscated their land and flocks of sheep.

                                    

BOSTON TEA PARTY

         The British regarded American colonies as a collection center for raw materials in their industry and as a market for the sale of their products. This policy, adopted by British traders with the help of their country in the American colonies, is known as Mercantilism. As part of Mercantilism, many laws were applied to British colonies

                            The Mercantilist rules are Goods to and from the colonies should only be carried on British ships or ships built in British colonies. Colonial products such as sugar, wool, cotton, tobacco, etc. Should only be sent to England. Colonials must provide food and accommodation for British troops held in the colonies. British stamp must be affixed on all the legal documents, newspapers, pamphlets, licenses, etc. Import tax must be paid for the import of tea, glass, paper, etc.

                                     

Boston Tea Party; A high tax paid by the British government for tea sparked a strong protest in America. On December 16, 1773, a group of people disguised as Red Indians boarded ships at night in Boston Harbor and threw 342 boxes of tea into the sea. The protest is known as the Boston Tea Party.

Delegates from all the colonies outside Georgia met in Philadelphia in 1774 to protest against the policies and laws imposed by England. It is known as the First Continental Congress. Subsequently, the colonial people applied to King of England. They want the repeal of industrial and commercial regulations to be taxed and not tax-free without human consent. But the king sent an army to oppress the people, which led to a war between England and the colonies. The Second Continental Conference of the Continent. The views of other intellectuals also encouraged the colonial people to fight against British exploitation laws.

                 The conference in Philadelphia in 1775 elected George Washington as commander of the Continental Army. This time, through a pamphlet entitled 'Common Sense', of

Thomas Paine declared that it was prudent for the Americans to break ties with Britain. American Congress issued the famous Declaration of Independence on July 4, 1776. The proclamation was edited by Thomas Jefferson and Benjamin Franklin.  All are equal. Everyone has certain rights.

                                  

The War between England and the colonies in North America, which began with the Declaration of Independence, ended in 1781. According to the Cutting Agreement in Paris in 1783, England ratified the independence of the thirteen colonies. The Constitutional Convention, held in Philadelphia under the leadership of James Madison, constituted the United States Constitution. George Washington became the first president of the United States of America, formed according to a new constitution 

 

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EQUALITY -POLITICAL&SOCIAL LIFE

 

                     EQUALITY-POLITICAL-SOCIAL LIFE

                                     

                  Equality is a fundamental element of democracy and contributes to all aspects of its functioning. This means that everyone in the country, including men and women from all walks of life, religions, races, educational and economic backgrounds are considered equal. Universal franchise for adults and is a staple of all democracies. The adult franchise is a very important factor in democratic societies. It means that all adults (those 18 years and older) have the right to vote regardless of their social or economic background. Equal right to vote.

             

    One of the most common forms of inequality in India is a system of categories. Parliament is the cornerstone of our democracy and we are represented by it through our elected representatives. Everyone is equal before the law and is entitled without any discrimination to equal protection of the law. No one can be discriminated against

Because of their religion, race, or place of birth, whether they are male or female. Everyone has access to all public places, including playgrounds, hotels, shops, and markets. Everyone can use public resources, roads, and untouched baths. This refers to considering yourself and others as deserving of respect

                                          Dr. B. R. Ambedkar was an Indian jurist, economist, politician, and social reformer, who inspired the Dalit Buddhist movement and campaigned against social discrimination towards the untouchables (Dalits). Dalit means ‘broken’ and by using this word, lower castes are pointing to how they were, and continue to be, seriously discriminated against. He was British India's Minister of Labor in Viceroy's Executive Council, Chairman of the Constituent Drafting committee, independent India's first Minister

                                                              -Dr. B. R. Ambedkar---

of Law and Justice, and considered the chief architect of the Constitution of India.

 

                                     Omprakash Valmiki (1950–2013) is a famous Dalit writer. In his autobiography, Joothan writes that he himself was treated unfairly by his teacher and classmates.

 

It is quoted in Article 15 of the Constitution of India

Prohibition of discrimination on the basis of religion, race, nationality, sex or sexual orientation. (1) The State may not discriminate against any citizen on the basis of religion, race, nationality, sex, sexual orientation, or any of these.

(2) No citizen, on the grounds of religion, race, nationality, gender, place of birth or any of these, is entitled to any disability, liability, limitation or condition in respect of -

  KEYWORDS:

 Constitution: This is a document that sets out the basic laws and principles that the people and governments must follow in the country.

Civil Rights Movement: An organization that started in the USA in the 1950s, when Africans and Americans demanded equal rights and ended racial discrimination.

Dignity: This refers to considering yourself and other people as deserving of respect

 Dalit: Dalit means ‘broken’ and by using this word, lower castes are pointing to how they were, and continue to be, seriously discriminated against

                            These are basic General knowledge for civil service aspirants of school students. This is the starting blog.